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HARMONIUMS - translation to arabic
.jpg?width=200 "''Harmonium'', a hand-pumped organ, of the type used in South Asia, here used at a European jazz festival.")
.jpg?width=200 "Singer Mariana Sadovska using a hand-pumped organ, Cologne, Germany")
![''cf. [[Positive organ]] (small [[pipe organ]] with [[bellows]])''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/横浜みなとみらいポジティフオルガン「スージー」全体.JPG?width=200 "''cf. [[Positive organ]] (small [[pipe organ]] with [[bellows]])''")
![''cf. [[Portative organ]] (portable [[pipe organ]] with bellows)''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portative.jpg?width=200 "''cf. [[Portative organ]] (portable [[pipe organ]] with bellows)''")
![reed]] organ, without pipes after the 16th century)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bibelregal1988ME I.JPG?width=200 "reed]] organ, without pipes after the 16th century)")
![invented c.1822/1829]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/8 key accordion.JPG?width=200 "invented c.1822/1829]])")
![invented c.1829]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mouth organ (or symphonium) (c.1830, London) by Charles Wheatstone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.jpg?width=200 "invented c.1829]])")
![Portable or folding: '''[[Physharmonica]]''' (invented in 1818 by [[Anton Haeckl]], Vienna)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reed Organ (Physharmonica) MET DP227017.jpg?width=200 "Portable or folding: '''[[Physharmonica]]''' (invented in 1818 by [[Anton Haeckl]], Vienna)")
![Seraphine]]''' (invented in 1833 by John Green, London)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Seraphine MET 225316.jpg?width=200 "Seraphine]]''' (invented in 1833 by John Green, London)")
![Portable harmonium: '''''Indian harmonium''''' or '''''[[Guide-chant]]''''' is often played with the various ''[[raga]]s'' of [[Indian classical music]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pakistani Qawwali Harmonium.jpg?width=200 "Portable harmonium: '''''Indian harmonium''''' or '''''[[Guide-chant]]''''' is often played with the various ''[[raga]]s'' of [[Indian classical music]].")
![Enharmonic]] harmonium: }}'''[[Orthotonophonium]]''' (1870s/1914)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MIM Orthotonophonium Schiedmayer.jpg?width=200 "Enharmonic]] harmonium: }}'''[[Orthotonophonium]]''' (1870s/1914)")
![page=[http://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/Keyboard_Instruments_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_Bulletin_v_47_no_1_Summer_1989.pdf#page=54 52] }} (available as [http://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/Keyboard_Instruments_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_Bulletin_v_47_no_1_Summer_1989.pdf PDF])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rocking Melodeon MET D3198 89.4.1194.jpg?width=200 "page=[http://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/Keyboard_Instruments_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_Bulletin_v_47_no_1_Summer_1989.pdf#page=54 52] }} (available as [http://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/Keyboard_Instruments_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_Bulletin_v_47_no_1_Summer_1989.pdf PDF])")
.jpg?width=200 "''Portable '''melodeon''''' or ''lyre-leg melodeon''")
![1=''The New Haven Melodeon Company was organized on April 10th, 1867 in New Haven, CT. John L. Treat of Treat & Linsley was listed as superintendent of the firm. The firm built several models of organs and melodeons and enjoyed a great deal of success. By 1872 the firm is listed has having operating capital in the amount of $40,000. By the late 1870s, the popularity of the melodeon began to wain in favor of the parlor organ. The firm reorganized as “The New Haven Organ Company” from 1881 – 1883, and there is no mention of the firm after about 1883.''}}}}See also: [http://antiquepianoshop.com/online-museum/treat-linsley/ Treat & Linsley].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/New Haven Melodeon, Mission Mill Museum.jpg?width=200 "1=''The New Haven Melodeon Company was organized on April 10th, 1867 in New Haven, CT. John L. Treat of Treat & Linsley was listed as superintendent of the firm. The firm built several models of organs and melodeons and enjoyed a great deal of success. By 1872 the firm is listed has having operating capital in the amount of $40,000. By the late 1870s, the popularity of the melodeon began to wain in favor of the parlor organ. The firm reorganized as “The New Haven Organ Company” from 1881 – 1883, and there is no mention of the firm after about 1883.''}}}}See also: [http://antiquepianoshop.com/online-museum/treat-linsley/ Treat & Linsley].")
.jpg?width=200 "Chapel organ")
.jpg?width=200 "Two manual with pedal reed organ (pipe-top)")
![Enharmonic]] reed organ''''' (1868/1871) by Joseph Alley](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alleyorgan.jpg?width=200 "Enharmonic]] reed organ''''' (1868/1871) by Joseph Alley")
![quote='''Manufacturer''': Autophone / '''Inventor''': Henry Bishop Horton (American, Winchester, Connecticut 1819–1885)}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/"Autophone" Organette MET MUS483A.jpg?width=200 "quote='''Manufacturer''': Autophone / '''Inventor''': Henry Bishop Horton (American, Winchester, Connecticut 1819–1885)}}")
![Electric-fan driven reed [[chord organ]] (1960s)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Magnus electric chord organ (free stand, wood, 3oct, 6maj, 6min, 3stop, vib).jpg?width=200 "Electric-fan driven reed [[chord organ]] (1960s)")
![Electrostatic-pickup reed organ]] (1930s–60s)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wurlitzer Model 44 Electrostatic Reed Organ.png?width=200 "Electrostatic-pickup reed organ]] (1930s–60s)")
![''cf. [[Electronic organ]] (1939–)''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gulbransen Organ, Museum of Making Music.jpg?width=200 "''cf. [[Electronic organ]] (1939–)''")
الصفة
إِيقاعِيّ
الصفة
إِيقاعِيّ
Definition
Wikipedia
The pump organ is a type of free-reed organ that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame. The piece of metal is called a reed. Specific types of pump organ include the reed organ, harmonium, and melodeon. The idea for the free reed was imported from China through Russia after 1750, and the first Western free-reed instrument was made in 1780 in Denmark.
More portable than pipe organs, free-reed organs were widely used in smaller churches and in private homes in the 19th century, but their volume and tonal range were limited. They generally had one or sometimes two manuals, with pedal-boards being rare. The finer pump organs had a wider range of tones, and the cabinets of those intended for churches and affluent homes were often excellent pieces of furniture. Several million free-reed organs and melodeons were made in the US and Canada between the 1850s and the 1920s, some of which were exported. The Cable Company, Estey Organ, and Mason & Hamlin were popular manufacturers.
Alongside the furniture-sized instruments of the west, smaller designs exist. The portable, hand-pumped harmonium or samvadini is a major instrument on the Indian subcontinent developed by Indians to meet local needs. The craftsmen created a harmonium that a single person could carry, with added microtones.
